Fice Accommodation Essay - 1688 Words

Task 1A There are three main factors that will influence human comfort in the office accommodation: 1. Thermal 2. Visual 3. Acoustic 1. Thermal Thermal comfort is everything to do with heat, if we are too hot or too cold in the office or shop we will not be comfortable. First of all you have to take into consideration the activity level of the workers in the building to decide what temperate is best suited for them to work at their optimum level. In the case of the office workers who are sitting for most of the day at their desks, their activity level is low and they aren’t generating much heat. In the case of the shop, workers are on their feet all day, their activity level is high and they are generating quite a significant amount of heat. Activity Example Heat output Immobile Sleeping 70 W Seated Watching TV 115 W Light Work Office 140 W Medium Work Factory, Dancing 265 W Heavy Work Lifting 440 W Air temperature is another factor affecting thermal comfort. As people in an office space are sitting for most of the day they will rely on the heating system of the office to regulate their body temperature whereas in a shop, people are on the move generating heat so they do not have to rely on the heating system as much. Air Movement will affect the rate at which the body loses heat by convection and evaporation of sweat from the skin. Air movement is both good and bad for example when the temperatures are high in summer, air movement will give relief to a person by cooling

Theories of Growth of Small Scale Enterprises - 3310 Words

Theories of Growth of Small Enterprises Various theoretical models have been developed which describe the growth of small businesses. One class of theoretical models focus on the learning process, either active or passive, and the other models refer to the stochastic and deterministic approaches. In the passive learning model (Jovanic 1982 cited in Liedholm 2001), a firm enters a market without knowing its own potential growth. Only after entry does the firm start to learn about the distribution of its own profitability based on information from realized profits. By continually updating such learning, the firm decides to expand, contract, or to exit. This learning model states that firms and managers of firms learn about their†¦show more content†¦These include in the first place the capital of the entrepreneurs themselves, occasionally supplemented with capital or loans from family members or friends. In line with this, Liedholm and Mead (1999) stated that initial investments in developing countries are almost wholly financed from personal savings or those of relatives and friends and subsequent investments are financed largely from retained earnings. The empirical evidence shows that small businesses owners do not come from a particular social background and education, rather their business experience is developed through opportunities provided by the social background, and family links in their locality (Liedholm 2001). A study by Daniels (1995) cited in Liedholm 2001 and Stel et al 2002 indicates that initial capital requirements and the level of regulation are found to be inversely related to the new start up of businesses. Potential entrants face various obstacles. According to Kawai and Urata 2001, the three most obstacles are lack of financial resources, lack of human resources and difficulties in developing distribution network. Financial constraints on the start up of new ventures have received much attention in developing countries (USAID 2002). The measures of financial constraints include the size, number and source of loans, the rate and amount of reinvested profit,Show MoreRelatedBusiness Management : The Financial Manager Essay1277 Words   |  6 Pagesreturn to the enterprise owner(s). 3) Dividend Policy: The financial manager is responsible for deciding the dividend policy of the enterprise. In a small scale enterprise, the responsibility of the financial manager would include that of determining how to allocate the profit from the to the various owner. 4) Working Capital Management: It is especially around the management of cash, debtor, prepayments, stocks, creditors, short term loans, accruals, etc to make sure that enterprise maximizes theRead MoreInformal Employment And The Global Economy954 Words   |  4 PagesSince the 1970s, in both the developed and developing worlds, the global economy has experienced a slowing down in the growth of modern of formal sector employment. Particularly in Latin America and Africa, most countries have been in the growth of informalisation and flexibilisation; although some countries in Asia have gone through moderate growth of modern economy (ILO, 1995). In 1995, World Bank estimates that beyond direct government control and the reach of trade unions, the share of the workRead MoreEconomic Growth And Development Of Lagos And Nigeria958 Words   |  4 PagesDiscussions Contribution to Development The clustered nature of SMEs in Lagos and Zhenjiang gives room for economies of scale ,ideally it is expected to facilitate synergy, specialization, cost reduction via the use of infrastructural facilities available and supply chain processes (Lee et al, 2010).The realities present a sharp disparity while most clusters in Zhenjiang have a well structured supply chain with a robust e-commerce platform that facilitates international businesses, clusters in LagosRead MoreSme Sectors Benefits to the Economy1713 Words   |  7 Pagesbusiness that has less than 250 employees. SME: small and medium-sized enterprises are defined by the European Commission as independent enterprises that have fewer than 250 employees, and an annual turnover not exceeding  £34 million or a balance-sheet total not exceeding  £29 million (new Recommendation 2003/361/EC adopted by commission on 6 May 2003). This revised definition came into force on 1 January 2005. Within this definition micro enterprises are categorised as having fewer than 10 employeesRead MoreEffect of Internal Controls on Financial Performance11978 Words   |  48 Pageslonger remain behind serving only to meet sustenance income for their owners. SMEs engagements have to become a dynamic and integral part of the market economy. The identification of factors that determine new venture performance such as survival, growth or profitability has been one of the most central fields of entrepreneurship research (Sarasvathy, 2004). A multitude of research papers has focused on exploring various variables and their impact on performance (Bamford et al., 2004). However, inRead MoreFactors That Lead The Emerging Market Multinationals Into Essay1429 Words   |  6 Pagesthe global trading system, Multinational companies are extending their operations abroad because of the cheap products in exchange for cheap labor in order to achieve advantages such as new technologies that the market has to offer. These large enterprises have the power of taking control or having big influence in the political system because of the investments in the country. Due to the control and the pig impact that they have in the country they take the advantage of the political system. It wouldRead MorePersonal Goals And Abilities Of A Social Enterprise1361 Words   |  6 Pages2008) â€Å"A social enterprise is thought to be something new and something distinct from classical business and traditional non-profit activity, combining at different extents elements of the social purpose, the market orientation and financial performance standards of business†. When looking at starting up a social enterprise there are important points that need to be looked at the help ensure the enterprise is successful. Firstly before the start up of a social or technological enterprise there are issuesRead MoreEntrepreneurship in Australia Essay1163 Words   |  5 Pagesan astonishing speed in present-day society. Business, which is divided into large, medium and small business, has become a primary symbol of the development of market economy. 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These approaches towards economic development have been expounded and interpreted in various ways in the literatureRead MoreLenovo Strategic Plan1531 Words   |  7 PagesThis thesis practices the baud five powers model theory, the value chain theory, the core competition theory and the SWOT analysis theory to analyze and study the inner and outer surroundings of Lenovo group. Company background Lenovo Group was established in 1984 in the Chinese Beijing, the company mainly produces desktop computer, notebook computer, server, printer, palmtop computer, motherboards, mobile phone and other electronic products. Is a leading global PC business, the original Lenovo

The Yellow Wallpaper Essay Free Essays

Trapped and Unreliable The two short stories â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† Charlotte Perkins Gilman and â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† Edgar Allan Poe are stories that appear to be totally different from each other, but are actually very similar; one of those similarities is the theme of entrapment the stories show entrapment on both a physical and a mental level. We see in these two stories individuals that are not only trapped physically but trapped mentally within their own minds not able to free themselves from the chains that are holding them; these circumstances show us that both of the main characters in these stories are unreliable. The theme of entrapment that is shared by both of these stories really sets the stage for both of them it defines the plot and really is the center of both of these stories. We will write a custom essay sample on The Yellow Wallpaper Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper†, concentrates on the narrator’s deep depression and her struggle to get better. The narrator spends her summer vacation confined in a nursery on the top floor of a mansion. This is in an attempt to cure her illness by her husband John, who is a doctor. The room has barred windows on all sides and yellow wallpaper with â€Å"sprawling flamboyant patterns† (Gilman 766). The narrator at first is in disgust with the wallpaper and thinks it is an artistic sin. Then with nothing to do, and her imagination running free, she turns her imagination onto the wallpaper. She uses the wallpaper as a form of entertainment and tries to figure out the pattern. The central symbol of the short story is the wallpaper. The meaning behind the wallpaper represents the narrator’s entrapment and her struggle with depression. Armstrong 2 The yellow wallpaper acts like a mental entrapment for the main character. At the end of the story, the main character rips down the yellow wallpaper to release the woman behind the paper. This was symbolic because even though she saw a woman, this woman was her. When the narrator was angry she put that onto the wallpaper, so that is why she ripped the wallpaper down. She was trapped behind the pattern and she couldn’t move from it. This is the point where her sickness has gotten to the worst extent. The wallpaper led her to create her own madness. The main character says in the story, â€Å"There are things in the wallpaper that nobody knows about but me, or ever will. (Gilman 774). Not even John knew what was really going on because he was always working and never took his wife’s thoughts too seriously. The yellow wallpaper also acts as physical entrapment to the main character. The wallpaper blocks her into that small room. She feels like she cannot get better in that room. In a sense she can’t get better in that room because of the things preventing her from resting. Her eyes are constantly on the yellow wallpaper; her mind also feels she cannot step away from the wallpaper. In â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado†, The story begins with Montresor dictating the events of 50 years prior to an undisclosed individual. Montresor feels as though the antagonist, Fortunato, has wronged him on numerous occasions. Although these injuries are not stated, Montresor is adamant that vengeance is necessary. Montresor states: â€Å"I must not only punish, but punish with impunity. † (Poe 125) This quote shows that not only does Montresor feel strongly about the actions that must be taken, but also demonstrates the attitude that these actions are warranted. Montresor, like any other man, is consumed by the desire to avenge his foe. Armstrong 3 There is obvious differences between these two stories, In â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† there is physical and mental conditions that center around the plot of the story, we see the narrator suffering from paranoia, and other mental conditions she states â€Å"So I take phosphates or phosphites-whichever it is, and tonics and journeys, and air, and exercise, and am absolutely forbidden to work until I am well again. † (Gilman 766), this clearly demonstrates a mental condition. But in contrast I think in the â€Å"Cask of Amontillado† I believe the mental condition of Montresor is created by the abuse that he has received in the past years from Fortunato. In terms of unreliable narrators, the two stories are similar. In â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado,† the narrator, Montresor, seems to be confessing to the murder of Fortunato, possibly on his death bed, but the reader is never really sure what is real and what has been fabricated by Montresor over the 50 years since the crime happened. In â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper,† the narrator is also unreliable. We get snippets of her story from a journal she has been keeping that chronicles her descent into madness at her confinement in an upstairs bedroom at a house she and her husband are renting for a few months. Throughout her narration, the reader becomes aware of several things that the narrator is not aware of, like her descent into madness. Since she is losing her grip on reality, we too much question her take on the events in the story like one might question Montresor’s interpretation of the events in â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado. In conclusion, I would like to point out that in either case, the mind is a very powerful force that is capable of driving people in so many different directions, we see the people in these two stories demonstrating very odd behavior for similar reasons, but then again they are totally different in fact. We see Montresor actually commit murder And in the end of â€Å"The yellow wallpaper† we see the narrator actually go insane. How to cite The Yellow Wallpaper Essay, Essays

Organisational Behaviour Strategic Information System

Question: Discuss about the Organisational Behaviour for Strategic Information System. Answer: Introduction: The top five challenges of Telstra in the order of importance include low prices against high demands of the goods being offered. Over time, the number of customers has been increasing since the year 2008. (Maiden 2015, p. 88-93). The technological shift has increased the urge for customers to own smart phones so that they can easily access the internet. Normally, it can be projected that the high demand is an advantage for any company but not for Telstra. The prices for data are slowly reducing since then. To be specific, the data bundle per Mb has slowly decreased from 1.8% to 1% today. For this reason, the company has stagnated. (Ferguson 2008, p. 233-235) The other problem is the convergence rules. Telstra has struggled to put up with the ever increasing demand by diversifying the nature of products it offers. In the past, we have had people using the landline telephones to communicate. Today there are mobile phones. However, the industry has not been decentralised. The other challenges are the effects of NBN, competition and lastly branding. (Maiden 2015, p. 88-93) The first priority for the company is the customers. The company has had an advocacy policy and the top management is keen to keep empowering the customers. Customers have the privilege to choose on the modes in which they can interact with the company stakeholders. Another priority is to foster innovation in the industry. To be a leader, you must do unique things that other competitors have not done. (Holt 2009, p. 67-78). The third priority is cost reduction. Telstra has a strategy to reduce operational costs because it must aim at obtaining profit. At number four is the culture. The company strives to uphold its competitive culture that has existed since inception. Lastly is the technology which is the key to productivity. (Tindal 2008, p. 109-113) The Porters model has five elements that include competitive rivalry, supplier bargaining power, customer bargaining power, threats from new entrants and substitute products. For Telstra, the competition is stiff but it has maintained its first position exploring other markets. It is the largest supplier since it has a huge market share. Consumers have raised concerns about the products which are not differentiated. As a result of competition, the prices have really gone down. The balance of power is evident at the last force. (Bingemann 2010, p. 75-79) Strategising IT should enforce laws and regulations that will moderate the market. Some companies are taking control of the prices and affecting the whole industry. The communication regulatory agencies have a duty to restore the order. IT should also support innovative and creative ventures because it is through these practices that new products are designed to suit the customer tastes and preferences. (Holt 2009, p. 67-78) Some of the best strategies employed included the restoration of the market share. The company invested a lot of money in the activity which yielded fruit. The kitty was dubbed fighting fund which was disbursed in large amounts to convince more customers to subscribe to the company products. Another strategy was to focus on the customer. (Godfrey et al. 2006). The CEO was categorical that the company operations would be banked on the interests of the customer. Apparently, he realised that it is the customer that a company relies on to stay in the market. Services were improved to suit the demands of the customers. The decision to get into mergers with other companies was also good. Mergers bring about diversity in administrative knowledge and experience. (Akhurst 2011, p. 47-50) After the exit of David Thodey as CEO, Andy Penn replaced him. However, Andy made the worst mistake by appointing a strategist who had failed other companies. The appointment of Stephen Elop to the position of chief strategist meant that the company would fail. (Bingemann 2010, p. 75-79). The history of Elop is wanting. It is said that he presided over the failure of the Nokia business company in a span of three years. Another great mistake made by the stakeholders is failure to balance prices with the increasing demand. Any company whose products are in high demand from customers should obey the economic law by hiking the prices. In this case, Telstra just lacked the best person to formulate a strategy that would capitalise on this phenomenon. (Godfrey et al. 2006) One of the important actions missed by the CEO is that he did not involve the external environment in picking the leader of strategy. For a company to cut a niche in the market, it must have a clear roadmap to success. The top management should seek the outside views from competitors and even customers in order to determine the best personnel to hire. In the case of Telstra, the CEO should have engaged the lower level management who also have important input in decision making processes. (Harbison 2011, p. 89-92) Other risks that have not been mentioned in the case study include obsolescence. IT companies often incur many costs over short time periods because of the need to update their programmes. The industry transforms almost regularly and to conform to the specifications, Telstra must keep adjusting to the new releases. Another major challenge is the variations in the market aspects such as country, culture and language. It is not easy to balance these features especially if you need to reduce the costs. (Holt 2009, p. 67-78) Red Ocean refers to a strategy where a company tries to outdo its competitors to win a large market share. When the market is flooded, competition sets in to make the ocean red. One of the factors contributing to Red Ocean in Telstra is profitability. The company wishes to remain at the top in terms of returns. Another factor is expansion. It wishes to venture into other businesses by getting into mergers and acquisitions. (Ferguson 2008, p. 233-235) On the other hand, Blue Ocean is an approach that a company uses to explore new markets. For instance, Telstra can focus on satisfying the needs of the customer instead of focusing on how to outdo the competitor. The strategy to employ is innovation. Innovation will solve the existing technological challenges and will also address the present deficiencies in the industry. Another strategy is that the company can deal in current assets that are fast moving as opposed to fixed products. (Maiden 2015, p. 88-93) References Akhurst, B.I. (2011). Organisational Behaviour: Sensis CEO Update. Sensis, 45(11), 47-50 Bingemann, M.D. (2010). Yearbook Australia: Telstra doubles the speed of its Next G HSPA+ network. The Australian Australia, 21(56), 75-79 Ferguson, I.F. (2008). Wired Brown Land?: Telstra to slash tech costs under review. ZDNet, 5(2), 233-235 Godfrey, M. Charisse E. (2006). The Sydney Morning Herald: Location of Sensis job cuts revealed, 23(32), 345-351 Harbison, N.M. (2011). Pigs at the Trough: Australian telecom company launches one of the smartest Facebook apps to date. TNW, 4(6), 89-92 Holt, J.T. (2009). Mobile Phone Companies: Sensis denies database disaster Software News .Zdnet, 34(5), 67-78 Maiden, M.B. (2015). Security and the Networked Society: Telstra dives as $10bn plans unveiled. The Age, 25(6), 88-93 Tindal, S.Q. (2008). FirmGuide: Telstra boosts Next G to 21Mbps. ZDNet Australia, 13(3), 109-113.