Tree of knowledge Essay Example for Free

Tree of knowledge Essay In the Paradise Lost, Milton has created the character of Satan with unparalleled brilliance and heroic energy. Satan, the leader of the fallen angels, rises to the occasion with unusual strength and inspires his comrades with his undying conviction in his own ability and that of his followers. He refuses to accept his defeat with his strong conviction that â€Å"Better to reign in Hell, than serve in Heav’n† (Book -I. line 263). Satan not only convinces his audience but also charms them to plunge into action with his seductive brilliance of verbal persuasion. It is evident in his compelling speech to Beelzebub, his motivational appeal to his legions and in the final seductive speech of Eve. Milton presents Satan with a singularity of grandeur, of suffering and a ruined splendor. He depicts Satan as embodiment of the spirit of pride and ambition- ambition not as a virtue but as the fevered lust for power, which springs from self-exaltation. Satan’s resolve to accomplish the fall of man is because of his jealousy and his desire to assert his supremacy. It is his pride that stands at the back of all his actions. This pride and egotism vitiate all that is noble and good in him. In his compelling speech to Beelzebub he acknowledges their plight but stresses the fact they are strong now as they are still united. His rises himself as a tower of strength and states that they are in a better position to having known the strength of God. Previously it was unknown as it was untried. He declares â€Å"All is not lost; the unconquerable Will, And study of revenge, immortal hate, And courage never to submit or yield: (Book I lines 106-109) Thus, he instills confidence in Beelzebub inspiring him not to yield or surrender. He claims that God’s rule was in danger with imminent revolt from them at any time. He outlines his course of action to fight against God. He expresses his desire to defy God’s authority once again as he is against to ‘bow or sue for grace with suppliant knee’. Obviously, Satan speaks boastfully and words his wishful thinking. Beelzebub understands Satan’s trial of God’s strength, but worries about the loss of Heaven and grieves for the punishment they were given. Satan aptly replies using all his skill and reminding Beelzebub that their task is never to do any good, but always to spoil or pervert what God does. He urges him to leave the lake and join him for reassembling their followers. It is noteworthy that Satan projects himself as infallible though he is actually fallen. He maintains that he neither changes nor fails. On the contrary his is a story of degradation and ultimate failure. As the poem progresses Satan becomes less compelling degrading himself from a heroic warrior to a snake ultimately. Satan’s extraordinary powers of persuasion and oration are best expressed in his most appealing and inspiring speech to the fallen angels. He begins his speech first by soothing them with words of hope. The very beginning of the speech raises the spirit of his followers with his address â€Å"O Myriads of immortal Spirits, O Powers Matchless (Book I, lines 622-23). He empathizes with their suffering by acknowledging their dire situation. He acknowledges that the better part remains with them and stresses that the power of mind. He tells him from his past experience and knowledge that a fitting answer to the God would be taking revenge by working in close design by fraud or guile. He tells them about the creation of new world and the new creatures. Then they build Pandemonium to assert themselves of their power. Being a valiant leader he draws his fallen angels together and instills confidence in them saying stirs them to action with his most inspiring words. Satan is presented with extraordinary powers of oration and persuasion. His words have become the most inspiring quotations in literature. For example the quotations â€Å"the mind is its own place, and in itself / can make a Heaven of Hell, a Hell of Heaven† (Book I lines 254-55). and â€Å"Better to reign in Hell, than serve in Heaven. † (Book I lines 263) are electrifying and haunt the minds of his audience. Milton honestly builds the character of Satan to great heights only to show that all evil is powerful and seems attractive. It is this power and attraction that cause the down fall of all including Satan and his followers. It should be noted that beneath the attraction lies the inherent wickedness and false ambition. Satan’s seductive speech to Eve brings out all the skill and powers of persuasion in him. It involves trickery, flattery and appeal to the commonsense and emotions. The story of the Paradise Lost reaches climax in the Book IX as Satan successfully seduces Eve and takes revenge on God by degrading himself into the form of a serpent finally. Satan, who wished but never hoped to find Eve alone, finds her alone in the rose bower. He feels happy at it as it helps him to convince her easily when she is alone without Adam by her side. He feels he can use all his powers of persuasion without much defense from Eve. He is so overcome by her beauty, that for a moment, he forgets his evil intentions, and is ‘stupidly good. ’ She is gently supporting the stalks of flower plants and she herself is like the ‘fairest unsupported flower, away from her support. The spot where she is working surpasses all those famous gardens in mythology, history and the Bible. But the hot hell always burns in him and that reminds him of his present mission. He recollects his thoughts of mischief and takes advantage of the loneliness of eve as he wants of some marvelously beautiful tricks to engage her attention (Book IX, lines 494-531). He looks like a divine serpent with burnished neck of verdant gold and so on. He stands erect amidst circling spires. He is more beautiful than all the famous of myth and legend. Eve is first attracted by his incomparable beauty and when he starts speaking to her with human voice, she is greatly surprised; Satan begins with flattering the beauty of Eve, which is a method to win her favor. (Book IX, lines 533 -548). He says that such an angelic beauty is wasted in the lonely forest where she is looked at by only one man. She should be served by Goddesses. Eve expresses her sense of wonder at a snake taking sense like a human being. The tempter then fabricates his story. He says that he has obtained a recent promotion to human sense and status after eating and fruits of a tree in the garden, (Book IX, lines 568 -612). His strategy proves successful as Eve is surprised and wants to know where that tree is. The serpent (Satan in disguise) is too happy to lead her to that tree. Thus that leader of the devils leads (or misleads) the first woman to that fateful tree as a wandering fir origins fastuas or will of the wisp conducts a lost traveler into bogs and mires, where he is swallowed up, far from any help (Book IX, lines 634 – 642) . On seeing that tree, Eve immediately recognizes it to be the forbidden tree of knowledge. She tells the serpent that God has commanded them not to eat the fruit of that. So their coming there is fruitless, though the tree is full of fruits. The serpent is astonished that scandal should have been started about so excellent a tree. As if he is greatly concerned with Adam and Eve, he expresses anger at God, who deprived them of the pleasure and profit of eating the fruit. In a great emotional fervor, he begins his lecture, and looks more impressive than all the great orators of the world (Book IX, lines 665 -668). Satan is at his best in his seductive brilliance of persuasion. His words accompanied by his action have a compelling effect on Eve. First, he turns to the tree and plays a tribute to its great virtues. Then he turns to Eve and presents his long drawn argument (Book IX, lines 684 -733). He asks her not to believe in God’s threats of death. â€Å"Ye shall not die’, he declares. The fruit has no killing power, and he himself is the standing example for it. After eating the fruit he says he is not dead but his vital, mental and spiritual faculties are enriched. The serpent (Satan) first surprises her with his physical and intellectual abilities. Then he uses his logical reasons in and pretends very rational in his approach. He says that when it is not forbidden to the beast (the snake), it need not be forbidden to human being as well. God will not get energy for such a minor trespass but will praise the adventurous spirit of Adam and Eve: The fruit gives them knowledge of good and evil. Knowledge of good is desirable, knowledge of evil is also necessary for without knowing it, how can one avoid it? Here anyway, the fruit has to be eaten. God, therefore, cannot hurt them, and still he is just. If he is not a just God, he need not be obeyed at all. Hence, anyway, there is no need to follow God’s word. Satan excels in his brilliance in putting a series of reasons and questions to innocent and helpless Eve. He questions Eve why God has forbidden them from eating the fruit? He does it only to keep them ignorant, low and in his control. The moment they eat the fruit their eyes will be fully opened and become Gods, knowing good and evil. If he, a beast by tasting it, could attain human status, surely she a woman, by tasting the same fruit, ought to become at least a Goddess. If according to God’s words she dies the death only leads to a new birth as a Goddess which is good. Satan goes to the extent of proving that man is not inferior to God in any way and stresses that man also should have every thing as God has. He seems superb when he says that human beings have every right to become Gods for, how are they inferior to Gods? In fact, the earth created for man, is better than heaven, for earth is created later by God himself, with all heavens defects rectified. Above all how does man offend the Gods in eating the fruit? What do they lose if man becomes intelligent? Or if everything goes by Gods intention and Will, how does the tree impart knowledge without His will? (Satan means to say that tree has the intrinsic power and God has no claim or control over it anybody who eats the fruits becomes wise). Thus Satan concludes his speech saying. â€Å"These and many more causes import our need of this fair fruit,† (Book IX, lines 730-731) Satan’s guileful words have won any easy entrance into Eve’s heart. She believes his words to be true. She feels hungry as the lunch time approaches and the attractive color and fragrance of the fruit, in addition to the tempting words of Satan, encourage her to touch and taste them. Yet, she first considered it within herself (Book IX, lines. 745 -779), It is doubtless that the fruit is virtuous (powerful) which made the mute snake speak. God also did not conceal its merits and told them that it is the Tree of knowledge. But his forbidding â€Å"commends thee more. † Human mind runs towards forbidden things. If God has forbidden them from being wise such prohibition binds not. The threat of death also appears false as the serpent still lives. Then ‘For us alone was death invented? † The beast, ‘friendly to man’ has brought news about his good experience. So saying she reaches for the fruit and eats it. Eve falls an easy prey to the enticing words of the Serpent. Satan’s use of trickery, flattery and his seeming logical reasons had their effect on innocent Eve. Had she not been taken by surprise by the charming golden serpent with a human voice, Eve might have found his arguments specious. His reasons are not based on any truth or reality. All his reasons are based on self deception and pride and are aimed at tempting her to eat the fruit. Thus, Satan with his extraordinary powers of persuasion and heroic energy not only convinces his followers but also tempts them for taking revenge against God Obviously, his actions and conviction are based on self-deception and his false ambition. Works Cited Paradise Lost, John Milton http://www. dartmouth. edu/~milton/reading_room/pl/book_1/index. shtml

Hyperkinetic Children :: essays research papers

Hyperkinetic Children Hyperkinetic is just another word for Hyperactive. Hyperactivity describes children who show numerous amounts of inappropriate behaviors in situations that require sustained attention and orderly responding to fairly structured tasks. Humans who are hyperactive tend to be easily distracted, impulsive, inattentive, and easily excited or upset. Hyperactivity in children is manifested by gross motor activity, such as excessive running or climbing. The child is often described as being on the go or "running like a motor", and having difficulty sitting still. Older children and adolescents may be extremely restless or fidgety. They may also demonstrate aggressive and very negative behavior. Other features include obstinacy, stubbornness, bossiness, bullying, increased mood lability, low frustration tolerance, temper outbursts, low self-esteem, and lack of response to discipline. Very rarely would a child be considered hyperactive in every situation, just because restraint and sustained attentiveness are not necessary for acceptable performance in many low-structure situations. Many parents rate the onset of abnormal activity in their child when it is and infant or toddler. Abnormal sleep patterns are frequently mentioned, the child objects to taking naps, he also seems to need less sleep, and becomes very stubborn at bedtime. Then, when the child is seemingly exhausted, hyperactive behavior may increase. Family history studies show that hyperactivity, which is more common in boys than in girls, may be a hereditary trait, as are some other traits (reading disabilities or enuresis-bed wetting). Certain predisposing factors affect the mother, and therefore the child, at the time of conception or gestation or during delivery. Included are radiation, infection, hemorrhage, jaundice, toxemia, trauma, medications, alcohol, tobacco, and caffeine. The course of the syndrome typically spans the 6-year to 12-year age range. In many classrooms, children who display inappropriate overactivity (restlessness, moving around without permission) , attention deficits (distractible by task-irrelevant events, inability to sustain attention to the task) , and impulsivity (making decisions and responses hastily and inaccurately, interrupting and interfering with classmates and the teachers) are likely to be identified as hyperactive. The diagnosis of hyperactivity is usually suggested when parents and teachers complains that a child is excessively active, behaves poorly, or has learning difficulties. However, there is no specific definition or precise test to confirm that a child is hyperactive. This syndrome is most frequently recognized when the child cannot behave appropriately in the classroom. There are three characteristic courses. In the first, all of the symptoms persist into adolescence or adult life. In the second, the disorder is self-limited and all of the symptoms disappear completely at puberty. In the third, the hyperactivity disappears, but the attentional difficulties and impulsivity persist into adolescence or adult life.

The Importance of cost information within companies

This brief study highlights the information about the Collection of Cost Data and Reduction of Business Costs and Planning and Controlling Costs. Reports start with the interdiction portion in which it discusses the importance of the cost information to the company. Second it explains cost categorizations, demands for such categorization. In add-on to that method of ciphering insistent values. In which it discusses the computation of mean, average and manner. Further methods of cal computation of scattering are besides included under the undertaking one. Third accent will be given to the indexs of the productiveness, effectivity and efficient of the company. Then it explains the betterment in quality of the merchandises and its indexs. Under the undertaking two accents will be given to the budgeting procedure, readying budgets such as gross revenues, production, material use, material purchase budgets and hard currency budgets. Finally it discusses the discrepancy analysis performed for the given informations in annexure and item analysis of direct labour, direct stuff, variable operating expense and fixed over caput are included in latter portion of the study.IntroductionCost Accounting is portion and partial of Management Accounting, Hence it ‘s better to understand the significance of the direction accounting. The Association of Chartered Certified Accountants ( ACCA ) defined direction Accounting as the â€Å" Application of accounting and statistical techniques to the specific intent of bring forthing and construing information designed to help the direction in its maps of advancing maximal efficiency and envisaging, explicating and organizing future programs and later in mensurating their executing â⠂¬  . Since Management accounting is concerned with information for direction intent. It is internal information for the organisation itself and is really seldom made in public, unlike fiscal accounting information. Although the cost accounting and direction accounting are oftener used together they do non give the same significance. Cost accounting is concerned with cost accretion for stock list rating for the readying of fiscal statements used in external coverage. On the other manus it is concerned with finding costs for merchandises, activities and entities to dispatch managerial maps of planning, commanding and determination devising. Hence Cost and direction accounting system should bring forth information to run into the undermentioned demand of the entity. Allocate cost between cost of goods sold and stock lists for internal and external net income coverage Provide relevant information to assist directors to do better determinations. This involves both routing and non everyday coverage. Routing information is required for a measuring the profitableness assorted sections of concern, doing merchandise mix and discontinuance determinations. Non everyday information is required for strategic determinations. Provide information for planning, control and public presentation direction. Planing involves interpreting ends and aims in to specific activities that are required to accomplish those ends and aims. Control is the procedure of guaranting that the existent results confirm with the planned results. Performance is so measured and compared with marks on a periodic footing. The term budget appears to hold been derived from the Gallic word â€Å" baguette † which means small bag or a container of paperss and histories. A budget is a formal operating program of action expressed in pecuniary footings for a given future period of clip. Simply, it is a elaborate program sketching, the acquisition and usage of fiscal and other resources over a specified clip period.Undertaking 01Cost categorizationCost is pecuniary step of the resources sacrificed to accomplish a specific aim such as fabrication or geting a merchandise. In other word cost is the sum of existent or nominal outgo incurred on or attributable to a specific merchandise or section or procedure or activity. Cost information is required to accomplish different sort of aims such as stock list rating, determination devising or control. Cost information can non be used in similar manner for all aims. Therefore cost is used in different manner. For this intent cost is classified in different ways. Cost categorization for stock list rating and net income measuring intent. Direct cost and Indirect cost Manufacturing cost and non fabrication cost Merchandise cost and period cost Occupation costs and procedure cost Cost categorization for determination devising intent. Fixed, variable, semi fixed, semi variable cost Relevant and irrelevant cost Sunk cost Opportunity cost Fringy cost Cost Classification for control Controllable cost Uncontrollable costNeed for Cost ClassificationCost categorization for stock list rating and net income measuring intentDirect cost and indirect costDirect cost – Are those costs can be specifically and entirely identified with the specific cost aim in an effectual mode. Direct cost can be farther divided in to three parts by sing the elements of cost. Direct stuff – The cost of stuffs which become a portion of the finished merchandise. Direct labour – The payments made to employees who are straight affecting in the fabrication procedure. Direct Expense – The disbursals other than direct stuff or direct labour which are straight attributable to a specific cost aim. Indirect Cost- Are those cost that can non be specifically or entirely identified with a cost aim in an effectual mode. These are normally referred to as overhead cost. These are three types. Indirect stuff cost- Cost of those stuff which are non become portion of the finished merchandise is termed as indirect stuff cost. Indirect labour cost- Payments made to employees who are non straight affecting in the fabrication monetary values. Indirect Expenses – Those cost other than direct cost indirect stuff seashore and indirect labour cost.Fabrication and non fabrication costThe cost incurred for fabricating a merchandise is termed as fabrication cost. This consists of direct stuff cost, direct labor cost, direct disbursal and fabrication operating expenses cost. Non Manufacturing cost The cost incurred for the activates other than fabrication of a merchandise is called not fabrication cost. Normally fabricating cost is included to value the stock list but non fabrication costs are charged to gain and loss history.Merchandise cost and period costMerchandise cost is these cost that are identified with goods purchased or produced for resale. In other words those costs which are attached to the merchandise that are included in the stock list rating for finished goods, or work in advancement are termed as merchandise cost. Time period cost is those costs which are attached to a specific period and therefore they are non included in the stock list rating. These costs are treated as disbursals for the period in which they are incurred and charged to income statement. Hence these cost rare non attached to a merchandise.Job cost and Procedure costJob bing system is applied where broad scope of occupations or orders received and every occupation is non equal. Therefore cost of each occupation is calculated individually. Hence occupation cist is those cost which are attached to a specific occupation. Procedure bing system is applicable where many units of the same merchandises are manufactured. Cost of a unit is to be measured by spliting the Cost of production for the period by figure of units produced. Hence procedure cost is those which are attached to a fabrication procedure. Cost categorization for determinations doing Fixed, variable, semi fixed, semi variable cost This categorization is done based on the behaviour of cost. Harmonizing to behaviour cost are classified in to four parts. Under this categorization costs are classified by sing their behaviour with regard to the Variable Cost Variable cost is those costs that vary in direct proportion to the degree of activity ( Production Volume ) Fixed Costss Those costs that remains changeless over broad scopes of activity. These costs are non altering within short tally with the alterations in production volume. Since the entire fixed costs remain unchanged that cost spread over the big figure of units when the production volume is increased and so fixed cost per unit is decreased. Semi Fixed cost Semi fixed cost are those costs that jump in to different fixed cost degrees at critical points of activity within short tally. Semi Variable cost Those cost that consist of both variable and fixed constituent.Relevant and irrelevant costRelevant cost is those costs that differ among alternate classs of actions. Therefore when determination is made those costs are relevant for the division. Cost can be changed by determinations. Irrelevant costs are those cost that do non differ among alternate classs of action. That cost will non be changed by a determination and cost can non be saved non taking a given class of action. These are common to all classs of action.Sunk CostSunk cost is those cost that have already been incurred for the acquired assets. These costs do non differ among alternate classs of action. They have been created by a division made in the yesteryear and that can non be changed by a determination that will non be made in the hereafter. Therefore these costs are irrelevant for the determination. Opportunity cost Expected benefits of the chance that is lost or sacrificed when pick of one class of action. This cost is relevant for the determination. Fringy cost In economic sense the fringy cost is the extra cost of one excess unit of end product. But in accounting sense fringy cost is nil but variable cost. Cost categorization for Control For this intent of commanding cost duty centres are established. Cost centre is an organisational unit headed by a director who is responsible for the cost of that unit. Some cost points can be managed by the directors of the cost unit and some points can non be managed. Hence governable cost is those cost that are moderately capable to ordinance by director and he can act upon on cost. Whereas unmanageable cost are those cost that are non moderately capable to ordinance made by the director with whose duty those cost are being identified. But the director can non act upon on these cost from his action.C. )Consequences of the Calculations as per the appendix 01 to this studies is as follows.D. )Representative ValuessRepresentative values can be calculated by utilizing following methods, Arithmetical mean Median MannerDispersionThe grade to which numerical informations tend in to distribute about an mean value is called the fluctuation or scattering of the informations. Following are the of import methods of mensurating scattering. Scope Semi inert-quartile scope Average divergence Variance and standard divergenceE. )Arithmetical MeanArithmetical Mean is the common type widely used step of cardinal inclination. Arithmetical mean of a series is the figure obtained by spliting the entire value of the assorted points by their figure. There are two types of arithmetic Mean Simple arithmetic mean Weighted Arithmetical mean Mean = a?‘ x1+x2+x3 Nitrogen a?‘X = the amount of variables N= Number of observationsMedianMedian is the value of the point that goes to split, the series in to equal parts, one half incorporating values greater than it and the other half contain values less than it. Therefore series has to be arranged in go uping or falling order before happening the median.MannerMode is the most common point of the series. Mode is defined as the value of the variable which occurs most often in a distribution.ScopeIs the difference between the smallest value and the largest value in the distribution? It ‘s a unsmooth step of scattering. Range = Largest Vale- Smallest ValueSemi Inter- quartile ScopeIt can be defined as the half the distance between 3rd quartile and first quartile. Semi Inter quartile scope = Q3 – Q1 2Average DeviationIs the arithmetic mean of the divergence of a series computed from any step of cardinal inclination ( Mean, Median, Mode ) all the divergences are taken as positive. Hence it is a step of scattering based on all points in the distribution. M.D. = a?‘ degree Fahrenheit ( D ) Nitrogen D= divergence from mean f= several frequenceStandard DeviationThis can be defined as the positive square root of the arithmetic mean of the squares of the divergences of the given observation from their arithmetic mean. 2 = a?‘ ( X -X saloon ) 2 NitrogenProductivenessAs koontz and O ‘ Donnel, productiveness is the input: end product ratio with in a clip period with due consideration for quality. As a expression, Productivity = Output Input signal In its really simple signifier, productive people are capable of acquiring more end product with less input. This is nil to make with sum of resources we have, but how good we are overseas telegram of utilizing available resources to accomplish higher degree of input. Productiveness can be measure through input end product ratio. If the ratio gets high figures than the budgeted figure shows the betterment in productiveness of the company.EffectivenessHarmonizing to Drucker, is â€Å" making right thing † , which denotes that resources are used to accomplish the intended aims. It s evidently connected with the end product of a procedure. Improvement in effectivity of the company indicates through if the figure of units produced for the twelvemonth is greater than the budgeted production units for the twelvemonth.Efficiencyâ€Å" Making thing right † . Hence efficiency is evidently connected with the usage of input. If anything is done with a minimal usage of resources, with no wastage and mopess, the manner it is done is efficient. If the manner something is done is sound so t is efficient. Efficiency of the company indicates through decrease of direct labor cost per unit of end product, direct stuff cost per unit of end product and direct over caput cost per unit of end product. Direct labour cost per unit of out moue can be calculated by spliting the entire labor cost for the period by the figure of units produced. As such direct stuff cost for the period and direct over caput cost for the period besides divided by the figure of unit produced for the same period in order to bring forth the direct stuff cost per unit of end product and direct operating expense cost per unit of end product severally. This can be compared with the current twelvemonth and last twelvemonth.QualityTo run into the challenges of the competition, organisations are trusting progressively on higher quality. Although quality has ever been of import many organisations traditionally merely emphasizes sensible quality. It was and likely still is by and large believed that high quality is associated with high cost. High quality had non been stressing in the yesteryear because traditionally, the cost accounting system did non mensurate the costs associated with utilizing hapless quality stuff and bring forthing hapless quality merchandises. Cost comptroller was by and large involvement in fiscal steps. Cost of hapless quality are by and large non fiscal in nature hard to mensurate and hence ignored. Management who relied upon traditional cost accounting studies was by and large incognizant of the high cost of hapless quality. This had contributed to the gradual eroding of competitory advantages of many organisations peculiarly against those organisations where there was a great trade of accent on quality including such characteristics as entire quality Control. J. ) Cost accountant tins steps quality. Quality steps include fiscal every bit good as non fiscal.IndexsMeasure of Vendor PerformanceDelivery on clip Right quality Right measure Fair monetary value and footings Willingness to work together to work out the jobs Vendor public presentation is an of import since if seller or provider who do non adhere to high quality may present hapless quality stuff, unequal measures and do late deliver. As such cost of merchandises may increase and quality of merchandises lessenings.IndexsMeasure of Manufacturing PerformanceDefects rates Percentage output Bit Rework Unscheduled machine down clip If defects rates and bit values are high and unscheduled machine down clip are high indicts the hapless fabrication public presentation ensuing hapless quality to the company. Finally step of client public presentation in footings of following indexs is of import since good public presentation show the high quality of the company. If figure of ailments are less, favourable feedback from the clients, merchandise failures at client locations are less and decreased guarantee disbursals shows the improve quality of the company.IndexsMeasure of Customer AcceptanceNumber of client ailments Feedback from clients Merchandise failure at client locations Guarantee ExpensesUndertaking 02A. )Budget is a elaborate program sketching the acquisition and usage of fiscal and other resources over a specified clip period. Phases of Budgeting procedure Communicating inside informations of budget policy and usher lines to those people responsible for the readying of budgets. Determining the factor that restricts end product. Preparation of gross revenues budget Preparation of functional budgets Negotiation of budgets with higher-ups Coordination and reappraisal of budgets Concluding credence of budgets Ongoing reappraisal of budgetsB. )Fixed Budgets It is prepared based on one degree of end product. If existent end product differs from budgeted degree of end product, discrepancy will originate. Therefore it ‘s prepared on the premise end product and gross revenues can be estimated with just grade of truth. In the state of affairss where gross revenues and end product can non be estimated accurately, fixed budgets do non accommodate and flexible budgets can be used. Flexible budgets A budget which recognizes the difference between fixed and variable costs in relation to fluctuations in end product, turnover or their variable factors such as figure of employees are designed to alter appropriable with such fluctuations.C. )Gross saless, production, material use, Material purchase and direct labor budgets for the Grose Limited are depicted on Annexure 02 to this study.D. )Flossy Limited Cash budget for the period of 03 months is shown in annexure 02 to this study. Balance at the terminal of the each month is as follows. January =? 25,000 February =? -125,000 March = ? -45,000E. ) & A ; F. )Variance computation for the Frost Production Company Ltd. Is shown in annexure to the studyG. )Operating statement is shown in annexure to this study.H. )Consequences of the operating statement shows the snap shooting of the differences between the budgets and existent figures, However detail analysis of each cost point is required to do good determinations.I. ) & A ; J. )Direct stuff discrepancy of the company indicates that existent proportion of stuff used are more than the standard proportion since it gives minus figure of 200. Direct material Output discrepancy examines the differences between the standard output of the existent stuff input and the existent output, both valued at the standard stuff cost of the merchandise. Direct labor discrepancy is the difference between the existent direct labour cost and standard direct labor cost for a period of clip. In this neither instance there is nor difference between the existent and standard cost. Null figure is given due to negative labour rate discrepancy of 800 and positive labor efficiency discrepancy of 800. Variable operating expense cost discrepancy besides recorded as Zero bespeaking there is no difference between budgeted figures and existent. This is as a consequence of the Unfavorable variable over caput outgo discrepancy of 200 and favourable discrepancy of variable over caput efficiency discrepancy of 200. Finally the fixed over caput outgo discrepancy shows the favourable discrepancy of 400 taking to the consideration of budgeted and existent fixed over caput cost. Whereas fixed over caput volume discrepancy is recorded as nothing.DecisionCollection of Cost Data and Reduction of Business Costs -Those cost aid to see the timing and hazard of the benefits from stock ownership and helped to do good determinations hence monetary value of the houses ‘ common stocks additions. Planing and commanding cost – Budgeting and other cost information are necessary for the directors who held responsible for a specific point of cost to stipulate bound on how much can be spent. This bound may be adjusted depending on the activity during the period.

The Effects Of Autism On Children With Different Disabilities

When I was kid in elementary school I always wondered why there were students who walked around my school that looked and acted differently. I understood everyone was different or unique, as my teachers would say, but these kids more unique than usual. When I got to high school I was able to expand my understanding for why there were students who were different. Now that I am in college not only has my understanding, I am also able to apply what I’ve learned in a real setting if ever needed to. In the middle of the semester I was able to observe a classroom that catered to children with different disabilities and I decided to focus on the children that were showing symptoms of Autism. As I was doing my observation I noticed that the†¦show more content†¦People with PDD usually have fewer and milder symptoms than those with autistic disorder. The symptoms might cause only social and communication challenges (2004). As I was observing the children in the classroom I was noticing every one of their behaviors and learning styles was different. For example, there was a little girl who liked to get treats when she was learning, also known as positive reinforcement, and this worked for her. She was engaged because she knew she was getting a treat if she answered correctly vs little boy who needed more help or more direction when he was trying to get through his worksheet. Something I also noticed during my observation period was that behaviors of the children were not the same. Some of the children’s behavior was more aggressive than other children. The other children were more relaxed, but very fidgety while they were sitting. Does one develop autism or is one born with autism? As I continued my research I grew curiosity for whether one can develop autism or one is born with autism. Paul Wang, vice president for medical research and senior for autism speaks, tells his audience autism can’t be reliably diagnosed until the age of two (Wang, 2012). Wang also explains that parents often notice symptoms before the age of two, â€Å"symptoms are rooted in brain differences that are present much earlier in development† (Wang, 2012). Wan also adds â€Å"Even though the outward symptoms ofShow MoreRelatedDiscrimination Against Autistic Patients At School And Work853 Words   |  4 Pagesthan individual merit; partiality or prejudice(â€Å"Discrimination†). Discrimination forces Autistic patients to face difficulty functioning through all aspects of life. Imagine the struggles of going through everyday life with a social or learning disability. One group that is often discriminated against, through every part of life, is the autistic community . Autistic patients are often looked at with distaste and nervousness. When you walk into a room with an autistic person, there is often a discomfortRead MoreEssay about Inclusion of Children with Autism1315 Words   |  6 PagesInclusion of Children with Autism The inclusion of children with learning disabilities into normal classrooms has proved to exhibit both positive and negative effects on children with and without disabilities. However, the negative aspects of inclusion have not proven a strong enough point in that the good, which comes from this experience, severely outweighs any doubt of its success. Inclusion of autistic children has shown to be beneficial due to the notion that these disabled kids canRead MoreAutism And Its Effects On Children1205 Words   |  5 PagesWhat is Autism? Autism also specified as Autistic Spectrum Disorder, ASD, Pervasive Developmental Disorder (PDD), Childhood Autism (ICD-10), Autistic Disorder (DSM-IV), Atypical Autism (ICD-10), PDD not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS), Asperger Syndrome†¨(ICD- 10)/Asperger Disorder (DSM-IV), is a series of developmental disabilities that cause substantial impairments in social interaction, as well as difficulties in nonverbal interactions and behavioral challenges. From the early 1900s, autism has beenRead MoreThe Outbreak Of The Measles1659 Words   |  7 Pagesthe United States has sparked controversy in the autism world today. Cont rary to previous theories, the measles vaccination is not a leading component to the cause of this disease. One in sixty-eight children in the United States are entering this world with Autistic Spectrum Disorder today, a thirty percent increase from the one in eighty eight percent two years ago. This disease is unquestionably one of the worst and most confusing disabilities out there. So, despite all of the exquisitely diverseRead MoreNeeds of Diverse Students1384 Words   |  6 Pagesproviding for special needs children is essential to special education. Once a child has been diagnosis with a disability or multiple disabilities, a plan of care is initiated according to the severity of their condition and their needs. This plan is individualized; one child’s diagnosis is not a reflection of the wide range conditions that affect many children. Intellectual disabilities can be mild to profound, can be caused by different factors and can have a different impact on a student’s educationRead MoreLiterature Review. Autism Overview. Autism Spectrum Disorder1496 Words   |  6 PagesLiterature Review Autism Overview Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a widely known disability that, as of 2012, affects about 1 in 68 of children in the United States (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2016). The exact cause of the disability is unknown, however individuals with ASD exhibit some common characteristics. â€Å"Autism belongs to heterogeneous categories of developmental disabilities where neurological disorders lead to deficits in a child’s ability to communicate, understandRead MoreAir Pollution Is An Unavoidable Mixture Of Substances That We Breathe1670 Words   |  7 Pagesunavoidable mixture of substances that we breathe in. There is no way to escape air pollution nowadays since it can be encountered indoors as well as outdoors. The type of pollution we breathe in can be divided between indoor and outdoor by the different types of air pollution that are released in these environments. Fine particles such as burning fossil fuels (such that come from traffic and energy production) , tobacco smoke, and chemical vapors are found in the air breathed in from outdoors, whileRead MoreA Variable Developmental Disorder1533 Words   |  7 PagesAutism Introduction Alexis Wineman the first woman with ASD to participate in the Miss America competition. While Alexis was in middle school she was diagnosed with PDD-NOS which is a form of ASD. She felt different at an early age, and only struggled more as she got older. As she got older she had to overcome the challenges that came with having ASD, such as: communication problems, speech impediments, sensitivity to loud sounds, and other sensory-related issues. Bullying was also a problem becauseRead MoreMusic Therapy For Children And Adults With Learning Disabilities1662 Words   |  7 PagesThere are many different types of literature on the topic of music therapy, the background of music therapy, how it takes place and how it helps clients with autism. A lot of the literature found on the topic music therapy found it helped children and adults with learning disabilities. This section of the dissertation will analyse the literature that is already available on music therapy and autism. It will also analyse literature on drug therapies. I will explore the history of music therapyRead MoreEssay about Autism: Educational and Social Effects886 Words   |  4 Pages Autism: Educational Social Effects nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;As a student living with no impairing physical or mental disability, it is difficult to imagine life any other way. On the other hand, when taking the time to contemplate what people with disabilities, such as Autism have to cope with, I realize just how much I take for granted in every day life; such as options to any class, learning at a normal pace, and peer interactions, to name a few. Autism not only affects people physically